https://www.arcticpars.org/home daily 1.0 2021-12-09 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5dc4be61dbe4777086c4fd7c/1591122723136/Arctic+PARS+AOI+for+arcticpars+webpage+v5b.png Home The study will encompass the entire exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of the United States Arctic coast from the border between the United States and Canada to Cape Prince of Wales on Alaska's Seward Peninsula. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5e1e5db716e8b24815945a1c/1579048401892/Banner-image_high-res.png Home https://www.arcticpars.org/examples daily 0.75 2020-01-17 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5dd494405efb5727a67f152d/1579208265998/Selendang%2BAyu%2Bin%2BAleutians%252C%2BDec%2B8%252C%2B2004_Doug%2BHelton%252C%2BNOAA%2B%2528CC%2BBY%2B2.0%2529.jpg Examples - Aleutian Islands A PARS in 1985 established a safety fairway in Unimak Pass. In 2015, following a string of tragic shipping accident, several ATBAs were created. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5dd4964843cbf575935a958e/1579208266001/channel%2Bislands.jpg Examples - Los Angeles and Long Beach In 2010, a PARS looked at ways to better protect whales in the heavy traffic area north of the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary in California. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5dd493625efb5727a67efa35/1579208265990/north%2Batlantic%2Bright%2Bwhales_NOAA.jpg Examples - North Atlantic Right Whales A PARS was conducted in 2004 to reduce ship strikes of right whales in the U.S. North Atlantic. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5dd494a9c5ae3733f87f7c21/1579208265994/spotted%2Bseal%252C%2Bbering%2Bsea_jomilo75%2B%2528CC%2BBY%2B2.0%2529.jpg Examples - Chukchi Sea, Bering Strait, and Bering Sea The most recent PARS to take place in Alaska established a two-way route through the Bering Sea and three Areas to the Avoided in 2018. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5e211a357ecee047b53980c1/1579227709295/Banner1_high-res.png Examples https://www.arcticpars.org/vessel-management-tools daily 0.75 2020-01-17 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5dc9e1926cd8232bdf6a46bb/1573511578882/Santa-Barabara-TSS-with-whale-sightings-NOAA.jpg Vessel Management Tools A Traffic Separation Scheme north of the Channel Islands of the California coast. Map via NOAA https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5dc9e5216ccfb5075d378e9c/1579228433602/Aleutian+Islands+ATBA+before-after2.PNG Vessel Management Tools Areas to be Avoided in the Aleutian Islands showing high compliance from vessels after their implementation. Image via Aleutian Islands Waterways Safety Committee https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5e211a07a917cc6d14935a56/1579227664810/Banner1_high-res.png Vessel Management Tools https://www.arcticpars.org/about daily 0.75 2020-03-25 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5d97df89afe0b5450abab695/1579228199731/Walrus+Cows+on+Ice+Nursing+Calves+South+of+Nunivak+Island_Brad+Benter%2C+USFWS+%28CC+BY-NC-ND+2.0%29+ORGINAL.jpg About Brad Benter, USFWS (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5e2119d29713f54399792218/1579227611281/Banner1_high-res.png About https://www.arcticpars.org/arcticpars daily 0.75 2020-07-01 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5dd498da0553ae467b7ea7ea/1574213875799/ship-rudder-in-ice_Public-Domain.jpg Arctic PARS Pxhere, Public Domain https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5e2119f0599a244d6bb3e360/1579227640435/Banner1_high-res.png Arctic PARS https://www.arcticpars.org/resources daily 0.75 2020-01-28 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5e211a4e2ea93e14b2bb82f6/1579227736398/Banner1_high-res.png Resources https://www.arcticpars.org/north-atlantic daily 0.75 2019-11-26 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5dd331540fb697248c1caf2d/1574121819707/north+atlantic+right+whales_NOAA.jpg North Atlantic NOAA https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5dd3303b73af0e4699ee5b32/1574121563359/right+whale+ship+strike.jpg North Atlantic https://www.arcticpars.org/chukchi-and-bering daily 0.75 2019-11-26 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5db743f32cdbff5bbd026ff5/1570044484103/Bering%2BSea%2BPARS%2Btraffic%2Bmap.jpg Chukchi Sea, Bering Strait and Bering Sea Tracks of vessels 400 gross tonnes or greater (excluding fishing vessels) on the Bering Sea in 2014 and 2015. The red line shows the route that was approved and went into effect in December 2018. Map via U.S. Coast Guard https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5db743f32cdbff5bbd026ff8/1570142520721/Two-Way_Route_Proposal_v4.jpg Chukchi Sea, Bering Strait and Bering Sea The final approved routing measures in the Bering Sea and Bering Strait. Map via Audubon Alaska https://www.arcticpars.org/los-angeles-and-long-beach daily 0.75 2019-11-26 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5db899a1bc0eb71786e9b902/1572379053126/Santa-Barabara-TSS-with-whale-sightings-NOAA.jpg Los Angeles and Long Beach Blue whale sightings and the shipping lane shift in the Santa Barbara Channel. You can see the shift of the traffic lanes 1 nautical mile towards the shore, reducing the distance to the largest concentration of whale sights. Map via National Marine Sanctuaries, NOAA https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5db8c25957fbbb0401e14108/1572389473930/TSS+compliance.PNG Los Angeles and Long Beach Automated identification system (AIS) tracking shows high compliance of ships using the routing scheme in Santa Barbara Channel. The horizontal line of traffic showing just above 33°33’ matches the southern inbound lane derived from the 2010 PARS. Map via Redfern et al. 2017 https://www.arcticpars.org/aleutian-islands daily 0.75 2019-11-26 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5db7442906732800a6ad9311/1572291571253/Aleutian+Islands+ATBA+before-after2.PNG Aleutian Islands Vessels transits (in yellow) show that following the implementation of the ATBAs the majority of traffic is now following safer routes (in green) as compared to previous riskier routes (in red). Images via Aleutian Islands Waterways Safety Committee https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d8930043ec7066969f72d77/t/5db7442906732800a6ad930e/1572291571250/Selendang-Ayu1_Doug+Helton-NOAA-CC-BY-2.0%29.jpg Aleutian Islands Following the Selendang Ayu incident, a comprehensive shipping risk assessment was undertaken with company plea agreement funds, ultimately leading to several Areas to Be Avoided surrounding islands of the Aleutians. Doug Helton, NOAA (CC BY 2.0)